Math project

For the project this semester, you will choose a physical, biological, economic, or social system that can be modeled by a linear, constant coe?cient 2-by-2 system of di?erential equations. Your project will have two main pieces: ? Analysis of a single di?erential equation – either a (1) single ?rst-order linear di?erential equation with constant coe?cients OR (2) a single second-order linear di?erential equation with constant coe?cients. ? Analysis of a system of di?erential equations – linear, constant coe?cient 2-by-2 system of di?erential equations. Most applications are of the ?rst type: when one unknown quantity is considered, the model is a single ?rst-order linear di?erential equation with constant coe?cients; when that quantity interacts with another quantity, the model is a 2-by-2 linear, constant coe?cient 2-by-2 system of di?erential equations. Examples include: ? Pond or Lake Pollution ? Home Heating ? Drug delivery/di?usion (Compartmental Model) ? Pesticide in Trees and Soil ? Price-Inventory ? Chemical Reactions ? Any other that ?ts the above description exactly. You can use this chapter of a di?erential equations text by G.B. Gustafson from the University of Utah to get descriptions and details of some of these systems: www.math.utah.edu/~gustafso/2250systems-de. pdf Some applications are of the second type: the model is a single second-order linear di?erential equation with constant coe?cients. It can be analyzed as such with the methods of Lebl Chapter 2. However, the second-order equation can be converted to a 2-by-2 system and analyzed with the methods of Lebl Chapter 3. Examples include: ? Spring-mass systems (used in sample project; cannot be chosen for project) ? LRC Circuits ? Any other that ?ts the above description exactly. 1. Outline of Project Write-up

(1) Introduction (2) Single Equation (a) Derivation of equation and meaning of parameters (include units) (b) Meaning and Relevance of Homogeneous vs Non-Homogenous (c) General Solution (d) An Initial Value Problem and a Particular Solution (Typically Non-Homogeneous) (e) Behavior: Discuss solution in the language of the application (3) System of ODEs (a) Derivation of equation and meaning of parameters (including units) (b) Meaning and Relevance of Homogeneous vs Non-Homogenous (c) Homogenous System (i) Pick two sets of values for parameters that will give two of the three possibilities for eigenvalues: (1) distinct, real; (2) complex conjugate pair; (3) repeated (or multiple) eigenvalues (I suggest using computational aids for this.) (ii) For each of the two situations: (A) Discuss how realistic the parameter values are. (At least one set of values should be realistic.) (B) Give general solution 1

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(C) Draw a phase portrait (D) Give two (meaningfully di?erent) initial conditions and their particular solutions ? Describe the particular solutions of each IVP in language of the application(d) Non-homogeneous (i) Meaning of the inhomogeneity (ii) Find the general solution using Wolframalpha or another symbolic computational aid. (iii) Plot the general solution on Desmos.com (iv) Give two situations (by changing initial conditions or the forcing) that lead to meaningfully di?erent behaviors ? Draw the trajectory of each of the two particular solutions (using Desmos plots) ? Describe the particular solution of each IVP in language of the application(4) Appendix (a) Hand-written work for ?nding general solution of single equation (b) Hand-written work for ?nding general solutions of 2-by-2 systems

2. Dates ? Tues. Nov 6th: Your chosen application must be reported to your TA. (Also, you should vote.) ? Tues. Nov. 13th: TAs will address some questions about the project. ? Tues. Nov. 27th: Project is due in recitation. 3. Comments ? A sample project, using the spring-mass system, will be posted. It will include examples of the inputs for 3 d (ii) and (iii). ? All work for ?nding solutions should be put in a neat, hand-written appendix. ? Phase plots may be neatly hand-drawn or copied and pasted from a computer plotting tool. ? Discussions should be typed, and manageable mathematical symbols should be typed. However, long or complicated mathematical expressions can be hand-written. ? The responses for many parts listed in the outline should be brief. A sentence or two will su?ce for many pieces. Derivations in 2 (a) and 3 (a) should be a short paragraph. Descriptions of the behavior of solutions in the language of your application (2(e), 3 c (ii) (D), 3 d (iv)) should be your longest written sections, but still do not need to be longer than 4-5 sentence paragraphs. ? Derivations and realistic values for parameters should be cited. ? For 3 c (i), you may want to use a computational phase portrait creator, like those found at http:// mathlets.org/mathlets/linear-phase-portraits-matrix-entry/ and http://parasolarchives. com/tools/phaseportrait. You can try di?erent parameters and see the phase portraits associated with them to choose your two sets of parameters. ? I use the phrase ?meaningfully di?erent? in a couple of places. What I mean, for example, is not to choose initial conditions (0,1) and (0,1.1). The behaviors will be nearly identical. Choose (0,1) and (-1,0) or (1,10) and (10,1). It will depend on your system, but there should be something interesting to say about the behavior for the two ?meaningully di?erent? choices.